Penang: The Fourth Presidency Of India 1805–1830, Volume Three: Water, Wigs & Wisdom

Filling a major gap in historiography, Marcus Langdon offers a meticulous reconstruction of the formative period of Penang’s development. A little over two centuries ago Penang had the distinction of being elevated as the fourth most important settlement – a presidency – of the British East India Company’s Indian territories. This significant decision emerged from powerful historical forces that were reshaping the modern world: the expansion of international trade networks linking Europe with India and China; the intensification of new patterns of migration in Southeast Asia; and growing rivalries between European powers and their impact on local states. Developments in Penang would also profoundly influence the future growth of British Malaya.

Drawing on unrivalled access to original correspondence, reports, newspapers and contemporary accounts, Penang: The Fourth Presidency of India presents an in-depth and compelling narrative of a fascinating story. The third of a four-volume series, the focus here is in the essential services required in an up-and-coming settlement: a water supply, an efficient landing place for people and cargo, newspapers, an effective and fair legal system, a hospital and a jail. These intermeshed stories continue the groundwork established in Volumes One and Two, highlighting the struggles, successes and failures of the early settlement. Beautifully illustrated with paintings, sketches, engravings and maps – many previously unpublished – this and the accompanying volumes will be the authoritative reference for historians and general readers for generations to come.

About the Author

Born in England but transplanted to Australia early in life, Marcus Langdon is acknowledged as the leading authority on Penang’s early history under the East India Company. He has published in scholarly journals and his research findings have been widely cited by heritage advocates, architects, conservationists and local historian. He currently lives in Penang.